The impact of globalization on sovereignty and the environment
By Stuart Smith
United States law journal, 1998, vol. 24, p263, 8p
According to Stuart Smith in his article” The impact of globalization on sovereignty and the environment,” the globalization of market has certainly had an impact on the ability of nation-states to control externalities such as environment, ethics, labor practices, working conditions, and human right etc. these are no monetary values; Consequently, the unparalleled growth and the now unopposed victory of the market system. Moreover, he point out that globalization was also stimulated to some extent by large government borrowing. Advanced countries were very willing to buy large amounts of that debt and to do a lot of portfolio investment and even create factories in other part of the world. There is no question that the movement to the market economy throughout the world and the globalization of markets has led to the greatest good for the greatest number. Nevertheless, the most important consequence of globalization is the fact that supranational government organizations cannot yet match the power of supranational firms. Individual governments difficult to set standard for these externalities and companies are easily able to leap over any particular rule by globalization market. There is only the world trade organization (WTO) has the power and influence to put teeth in any of these treaties, although the WTO has had no appetite for any restrictions. In conclusion, author hope that will have a world organization that can apply sanctions on behalf of such issue as the environment and human rights. Beside, he thinks that should open a dialogue with the WTO and encourage it to slightly dilute its general approach which has been in favor of opening markets at all costs. Finally, market and externalities will approach to win- win situation.
I agree with Mr. Stuart Smith’s opinion because the serious bad influence of globalization on sovereignty and the environment are self-evident. The globalization market affects the ability of nation-states to control externalities by level of education, development of technology, financial deficit, and national government factors.
The most important effect factor is level of education. In high-wage areas people know the right of the individual self and the common sense of environmental protection because they got advanced schooling. On the contrary, in low-wage areas people didn’t have high education, so they didn’t know the human right, the important of the environment, the worker right on career, and ethics. They just know that they need to earn money if they want to survival. For this reason, some enterprise films are capable of squeezing money out of the labor on weaker nation-sates.
Rapid Growth of development of technology is the second effect factor that significantly accelerated the globalization and weighted the impact degree. In addition, the technology being struggles with environment all the time. New technology productions are laced with toxic materials such as lead, mercury, flame-retardants, and cadmium. Besides, new technology usually comes with the new E-waste which has become a serious environmental problem.
The third bad influential factor is country’s financial deficit. Poor countries are easy to get into debt and than at the mercy of the irresistible force, because some developing countries have a lots of deficits and they need finance support by films and advanced countries. The powerful companies soon began to predominate over them with the bait of a huge budget. Usually, the needy countries couldn't resist the lure of money. As a consequence, the conquerors plundered their resource and trampled on sovereignty and environment.
The final effect factor is national government theory. Every country has the right to self-government. These actions were interpreted as a threat to national sovereignty if some countries want to interfere or demand in the internal affairs of other countries. Some countries strongly resist foreign regime intervention even though it is useful interference. As a result, no any supranational government organizations could match up the power of supranational firms. Indeed, the powerful films or countries seized the chance of disparity to persecute externalities.
In summaries, the globalization critical impact on sovereignty and the environment, and this is an issue that can’t be ignored. Moreover, there have four major factors caused the globalization great effect the ability of nation-states to control externalities that include education different, technology evolution, deficit financing, and sovereignty intervention. Therefore, every country should pay attention to this problem and establish a supranational government organization to contend with this enigma. Furthermore, individual could curtail supranational firms’ powers by antitrust.
Reference:
Smith, S. (1998). The impact of globalization on sovereignty and the environment. United States Law Journal, 42, 263-271.
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